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<strong>Figure 1 Western Blot Validation in Human Cell Lines</strong><br>Loading: 15 μg of lysates per lane.Antibodies: AIF 2239, (1 µg/mL), 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.
<strong>Figure 2 Independent Antibody Validation (IAV) via Protein Expression Profile in Cell Lines</strong><br>Loading: 15 μg of lysates per lane.Antibodies: AIF 2267, (1 μg/mL), AIF 2239, (1 μg/mL), AIF 2301, (2 μg/mL), and beta-actin (1 μg/mL), 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.
<strong>Figure 3 Immunofluorescence Validation of AIF in K562 Cells</strong><br>Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed K562 Cells labeling AIF with 2239 at 20 μg/mL, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green).
<strong>Figure 4 KD and Induced Validation of AIF in H1299 Cells(Stambolsky et al., 2006) </strong><br>Western blot analysis of AIF knockdown with anti-AIF antibodies in H1299 cells. AIF expression was disrupted in AIF knockdown cells (siRNA1 and siRNA4). An increased expression of AIF was induced by ZnCl2 treatment, which was not observed in AIF knockdown cells.
<strong>Figure 5 KD Validation of AIF in AIF Silenced Stable Cells(Apostolova et al., 2006) </strong><br>AIF silencing is sustained in stable cell lines. Western blot analysis ofstable lines AIF-1-10, AIF-2-4 and pU6-2 using anti-AIF antibodies. AIF protein was disrupted after AIF silencing with AIF siRNA (AIF-1-10 and AIF-2-4) as compared to control (Hep3B and pU6-2).
<strong>Figure 6 Immunofluorescence Validation of AIF in Rat Hippocampal Neurons (Hofer et al., 2011)</strong><br>(G-L) After exposure to bacterial components, AIF colocalized in mature neurons (MAP2; I, L), immature neurons (DcX;H, K), and stem/progenitor cells (Nestin; G, J). AIF expression was detected by anti-AIF antibodies.
<strong>Figure 7 Subcellular Localization Validation of AIF in mononuclear cells (Gupta et al., 2003) </strong><br> A shows mononuclear cells (MNCs) alone, B shows MNCs transfected with control plasmid, C shows MNCs transfected with Bcl-2 expression plasmid. Overlay is of Mitotracker (red) and AIF (green). Hoechst 33258 dye is used to examine chromatin fragmentation. The release of AIF form mitochondria is detected by anti-AIF antibodies.
<strong>Figure 8 Induced Expression Validation of AIF in U937 Cells (Ikai et al., 2006) </strong><br>Release of AIF at 48 h after the treatment with 30 uM magnolol examined by Western blotAnalysis with anti-AIF antibodies. AIF release was markedly increased 48h after magnolol treatment.
Figure 1 Western Blot Validation in Human Cell Lines
Loading: 15 μg of lysates per lane.Antibodies: AIF 2239, (1 µg/mL), 1h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.
IAV
Most Cited
Trial Size

AIF Antibody

CATALOG NUMBER: 2239

Clonality:
Polyclonal
Tested Applications:
ELISA, IF, WB
Host Species:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Specifications
Host Species:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human
Homology:
Predicted species reactivity based on immunogen sequence: Mouse: (50%), Rat: (50%)
Immunogen:
Anti-AIF antibody (2239) was raised against a peptide corresponding to 14 amino acids near the amino terminus of mature human AIF.
The immunogen is located within amino acids 90-140 of AIF.
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Tested Applications:
ELISA, IF, WB
Application Note:
WB: 1-2 μg/mL; IF: 20 μg/mL.
Antibody validated: Western Blot in human samples; Immunofluorescence in human samples. All other applications and species not yet tested.
Specificity:
Multiple isoforms of AIF are known to exist.
Positive Control 1:
Cat. No. 1204 - K562 Cell Lysate
Positive Control 2:
Cat. No. 1205 - Jurkat Cell Lysate
Positive Control 3:
Cat. No. 17-005 - Jurkat Cell Slide
Positive Control 4:
Cat. No. 17-004 - K-562 Cell Slide
Predicted Molecular Weight:
Predicted: 67 kDa
Observed: 68 kDa
Validation:

Independent Antibody Validation in Cell lines (Figure 2) shows similar AIF expression profile in human and mouse cell lines detected by three independent anti-AIF antibodies that recognize different epitopes, 2267 against central domain, 2239 against N-terminus domain and 2301 against C-terminus domain.  AIF proteins are detected in the most tested cell lines at different expression levels by the three independent antibodies. 

KD Validation (Figure 4,5): Anti-AIF antibody specificity was further verified by AIF specific knockdown. AIF signal in H1299 cells and AIF stable cells transfected with AIF siRNAs was disrupted in comparison with that in cells transfected with control siRNAs.

Localization Validation (Figure 7): AIF detected by anti-AIF antibodies is colocalized with Mitotracker (mitochondrion marker).  AIF is localized in mitochondria.

Induced Expression Validation (Figure 8): AIF expression detected by anit-AIF antibodies was up-regulated by Magnolol treatment.

Isoforms:
Human AIF has 6 isoforms, including isoform 1 (613aa, 67kD), isoform 2 (326aa, 36kD), isoform 3 (609aa, 66kD), isoform 4 (324aa, 35kD), isoform 5 (261aa, 28kD), and isoform 6 (237aa, 26kD). Mouse AIF has one isoform (612aa, 67kD) and Rat AIF also has one isoform (612aa, 67kD). 2239 can detect only 4 human isoforms(1,3,4,6).
Purification:
AIF Antibody is Ion exchange chromatography purified.
Clonality:
Polyclonal
Isotype:
IgG
physical-state:
Liquid
Buffer:
AIF Antibody is supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Concentration:
1 mg/ml
Storage Conditions:
AIF antibody can be stored at 4°C for three months and -20°C, stable for up to one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.
Ncbi Official Symbol:
AIFM1
Additional Names:
AIF Antibody: Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, Programmed cell death protein 8, AIF, PDCD8
Protein Accession Number:
O95381
Protein Gi Number:
50400606
Ncbi Gene Id Number:
9131
User Note:
Optimal dilutions for each application to be determined by the researcher.
Background:
AIF Antibody: Apoptosis is characterized by several morphological nuclear changes including chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. These changes are triggered by the activation of members of caspase family, caspase activated DNase, and several novel proteins. A novel gene, the product of which causes chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, was recently identified, cloned, and designated apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). Like the critical molecules, cytochrome c and caspase-9, in apoptosis, AIF localizes in mitochondria. AIF translocates to the nucleus when apoptosis is induced and induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. AIF induces chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, which are the hallmarks of apoptosis, of the isolated nucleus and the nucleus in live cells by microinjection. AIF is highly conserved between human and mouse and widely expressed.
Background Reference 1:
Zamzami et al. Nature 1999; 401:127-8.
Background Reference 2:
Susin et al. Nature 1999; 397:441-6
Background Reference 3:
Daugas et al. FASEB J. 2000; 14:729-39.
Citation 1:
Stambolsky et al. Regulation of AIF expression by p53. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13(12):2140-9. Epub 2006. PMID: 16729031
Citation 2:
Apostolova et al. Loss of apoptosis-inducing factor leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species, and an impairment of respiration that can be reversed by antioxidants. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13(2):354-7. PMID: 16195738
Citation 3:
Hofer et al. Bacterial meningitis impairs hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2011;70(10):890-9. doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182303f31. PMID: 21937913
Citation 4:
Gupta et al. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets by inducing oxidative stress: a role of Bcl-2. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003;2(8):711-9. PMID: 12939460
Citation 5:
Ikai et al. Magnolol-induced apoptosis is mediated via the intrinsic pathway with release of AIF from mitochondria in U937 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(12):2498-501. PMID: 17142989
Citation 6:
Nebbioso et al. Tumor-selective action of HDAC inhibitors involves TRAIL induction in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Nat Med. 2005;11(1):77-84. Epub 2004. PMID: 15619633
Citation 7:
Karlsson et al. Arsenic trioxide-induced death of neuroblastoma cells involves activation of Bax and does not require p53. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(9):3179-88. PMID: 15131059
Citation 8:
Li et al. Apoptotic signaling pathways induced by nitric oxide in human lymphoblastoid cells expressing wild-type or mutant p53. Cancer Res. 2004;64(9):3022-9. PMID: 15126337
Citation 9:
Cervera et al. Cells silenced for SDHB expression display characteristic features of the tumor phenotype. Cancer Res. 2008;68(11):4058-67. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5580. PMID: 18519664
Citation 10:
Hahn et al. Galectin-1 induces nuclear translocation of endonuclease G in caspase- and cytochrome c-independent T cell death. Cell Death Differ. 2004;11(12):1277-86. PMID: 15297883
Citation 11:
Hamacher-Brady et al. Response to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury involves Bnip3 and autophagy. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14(1):146-57. Epub 2006. PMID: 16645637
Citation 12:
Nakagawa et al. Characterized mechanism of alpha-mangostin-induced cell death: caspase-independent apoptosis with release of endonuclease-G from mitochondria and increased miR-143 expression in human colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007;15(16):5620-8. Epub 2007. PMID: 17553685
Citation 13:
Itoh T et al. Eupalinin A isolated from Eupatorium chinense L. induces autophagocytosis in human leukemia HL60 cells. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008;16(2):721-31. Epub 2007. PMID: 17980607
Citation 14:
Yel et al. Thimerosal induces neuronal cell apoptosis by causing cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor release from mitochondria. Int J Mol Med. 2005;16(6):971-7. PMID: 16273274
Citation 15:
Nakagawa et al. A potent apoptosis-inducing activity of a sesquiterpene lactone, arucanolide, in HL60 cells: a crucial role of apoptosis-inducing factor. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005;97(2):242-52. Epub 2005. PMID: 15699578
Citation 16:
Makani et al. Biochemical and molecular basis of thimerosal-induced apoptosis in T cells: a major role of mitochondrial pathway. Genes Immun. 2002;3(5):270-8. PMID: 12140745
Citation 17:
Morse et al. Concurrent mRNA and protein extraction from the same experimental sample using a commercially available column-based RNA preparation kit. Biotechniques. 2006;40(1):54, 56, 58. PMID: 16454040
Citation 18:
Itoh et al. Intracellular glutathione regulates sesquiterpene lactone-induced conversion of autophagy to apoptosis in human leukemia HL60 cells. Anticancer Res. 2009;29(4):1449-57.PMID: 19414401
Citation 19:
Makani et al. Biochemical and molecular basis of thimerosal-induced apoptosis in T cells: a major role of mitochondrial pathway. Genes Immun. 2002;3(5):270-8. PMID: 12140745

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY

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Disclaimer:
Optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. The information provided is a guideline for product use. This product is for research use only.

CATALOG NUMBER:

2239

List Size:
0.02 mg, 0.1 mg

List Price:

Price range: $99.00 through $445.00

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