COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 also known as 2019-nCoV. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. COVID-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus originating from bats. Betacoronaviruses can infect mammals, are zoonotic pathogens and can cause severe respiratory disease in humans. Other viruses in this family are SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has approximately 79% sequence identity to SARS-CoV and 50% to MERS-CoV. In addition, homology modeling shows COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has a similar receptor-binding domain structure as SARS-CoV which suggests SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 receptor in humans for infection.
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