When selecting an antigen to use for your project, the considerations required can be overwhelming. We at ProSci want your antibody project to run smoothly so your work can be done without interruption. For us to deliver high performance antibodies,...
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Pairs of proteins that act as T-cell co-signaling receptors are called immune checkpoints. These cell surface receptors can send positive or negative signals to T cells, instigating a response from the immune system to either stimulate the immune system against...
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T-cell Activation: The Purpose of CD28, CTLA-4, and CD80/CD86 – A Guide to CD28, CTLA-4, and CD80/CD86 Interaction and Signaling Immune checkpoint receptors like CD28 and CTLA-4 have been of great interest in the research of cancer immunotherapy. These receptors...
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Bacterial vs. Mammalian Expression Systems – Expressing recombinant antibodies can be done in all kinds of systems. Many different cell lines can be used for expressing antibodies, including mammalian cells like HEK293 or CHO, or even yeast, plant or insect...
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Antibody Basics: Recombinant Antibodies Antibody development works much like any engineering feat; you get out what you put in. With the shotgun approach to developing polyclonal antibodies, hitting the target usually isn’t too much of a problem, but the immune...
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Antibody Basics: Isotypes – Antibodies come in several shapes and sizes, leading to a variance in properties and purposes. Below is a broad outline of each of the major isotypes of antibodies and how they are used. Some isotypes can...
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Unique Animal Antibodies Though the adaptive immune system functions similarly across most vertebrates, some species such as bovine, camelids, and sharks stand out from the others with unique antibodies that only occur in their own evolutionary path. These antibodies have...
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Antibody Basics: Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies – Antibody Basics: Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies Monoclonal antibodies developed in mice have been applied in thousands of applications since their development by Caesar Millstein and Georges Kohler in 1975. Since then, entire businesses have been...
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The Antibody Basics Series: Table of Contents – Not too long ago, we published The 5 A’s of Antibodies infographic, which provides a brief explanation of all what goes into the process of generating custom antibodies against specific targets. Our...
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